:: an experiment on the veracity of SU(11) ::
Or, "The apparent distortion of photons of distant origin."
Introduction
Predictions
of General Relativity theory in 4 dimensions, GR(4)
(Einstein, Minkowski, 1900s), include that spacetime distorts and appears to decrease the frequency of
electromagnetic radiation emitted by massive objects when observed remotely:
photons do work (lose energy) whilst climbing out of a gravitational well. The
frequency shift (from f at the surface to f’ remotely) is calculated by Feynman (1973) as: f’ ~ f (1-GMsRs-1c-2),
where Ms and Rs are the mass (kilogrammes) and radius (metres) of the star, G = 6.671x10-11
m3kg-1s-2 is
M-theory, or Special Unitary group theory in eleven dimensions, SU(11), suggests distortions, dt, of 4-D space-time in the Observable Universe (the 10-brane on which we exist) are somewhat larger: dt(M-theory) = α dt(GR4) where 1.001 <= α <= 1.03 (Philip Kaaret, 2003, Ian E. Consterdine, 2004) is the sum of the pertinent infinite series.
Apparatus
Distant light source e.g. star or the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR), Sol, Earth and its moon, a Total Solar eclipse, tequila (strictly optional) and optics.
Method
Light passing close to Sol will be red-shifted from its undisturbed state when observed upon the earth.
The amount of shift is modelled differently by GR(4) and SU(11) (G Amelino-Camelia, J Ellis, NE Mavromatos, VD Nanopolous and S Sakar, 1998).
The measuring device is calibrated with undisturbed light from the distant object both before and after the eclipse.
Observe the red-shift during the eclipse e.g. look through a glass of tequila whilst the serious optics make record.
Results and analysis
0) Pre-eclipse
TCMBR = 2.7xxn ± 1 part in n K. (NASA, 1999)
1) Eclipse
TCMBR = T(θ) where θ is the angle from the centre line of the eclipse, Table 1.
For
± 800 mc (milli-radians)
<= θ <= ± 1 radian, measure the CMBR
in small steps (1/10th µc, say) of θ.
dataset 1 :: CMBR temperature around
Sol :: columns : θ (radians),
Observed temperature (K),
TCMBR - TObs (K)
optics in free-fall in a half-decent vacuum are, probably, required. (orbiting gyros)
2) Post eclipse photometry
TCMBR 2.7xxn ± 1 part in n K.
Error analysis
The observed background :: TCMBR 2.7xxn ± 1 part in n K "everywhere".
GR(4): (google for ani-gifs of 'black-holes' traversing starfields)
SU(11)
Neil Turok : http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/ngt1000/branes_max.gif and http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/ngt1000/brane_8.swf : requires Flash
google also: Paul J. Steinhardt, Ed. Witten, Stephen Hawking and Sir Roger Penrose.
Reality
Outside your window, ani-gif, avi, mpeg, holo-vision (follow e.g. Gorillaz)...
Conclusion
SU(11)/GR(4)* models reality to greater precision than reported hitherto or they both fit current observation. If the latter then, could do better...
* Delete as applicable.
References
Richard P. Feynman, Mechanics, McGraw/Hill, 1973.
Philip Kaaret, 2003, “Pulsar Radiation and Quantum Gravity”,
Astronomy and Astrophysics, July.
..
.. .. ..
.. And http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9903464
Ian E. Consterdine, 2004,
"Dimensional analysis, quantum gravity and the electromagnetic
spectrum" http://newolder.netfirms.com/upper%20f%20for%20em%20radiation.htm
G Amelino-Camelia,
J
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